Tetanus, commonly called lockjaw, is caused by a bacterial toxin, or poison, that affects the nervous system. It is contracted through a cut or wound that becomes contaminated with tetanus bacteria. The bacteria can get in through even a tiny pinprick or scratch, but deep puncture wounds or cuts like those made by nails or knives are especially susceptible to infection with tetanus. Tetanus bacteria are present worldwide and are commonly found in soil, dust and manure. Tetanus causes severe muscle spasms, including “locking” of the jaw so the patient cannot open his/her mouth or swallow, and may lead to death by suffocation. Symptoms usually begin 7 days after the bacteria enter the body through the wound, but the incubation period may range from 3 days to 3 weeks. Tetanus is not transmitted from person to person.
Treatment for tetanus is available, but the process is lengthy and not uniformly effective. Tetanus may be fatal despite treatment. The disease is rare in the United States, with less that 100 cases of tetanus reported annually. The best defense against tetanus is prevention. The tetanus vaccine can prevent tetanus but its protection does not last forever. Adults should get a tetanus shot or booster every 10 years. If you get a bad cut or burn, see you doctor. You may need a booster.
Submitted by
Kelly Stout
PharmD Candidate
University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
For additional information on tetanus and tetanus vaccinations:
www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/tetanus/default.htm
For printable CDC fact sheet on Tetanus:
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf
